Cytotoxic Effects of Clitoria Ternatea L. Extract from Ternate Island on Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina L.) and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Uji Sitotoksik Ekstrak Clitoria ternatea L. dari Pulau Ternate terhadap Udang Artemia salina L. dan Garis Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7
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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with nearly 10 million fatalities reported in 2020, including 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer. Due to its high prevalence, effective treatment options remain a critical priority. Clitoria ternatea L., a medicinal plant widely found in Indonesia, is traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes and may possess anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts of Clitoria ternatea L. collected from Ternate Island. Cytotoxicity was assessed using two methods: the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) to determine general toxicity, and the PrestoBlue assay to evaluate antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. In the BSLT, Artemia salina larvae were exposed to various concentrations of the extract (7.81-1000 µg/mL) for 24 hours, and LC50 values were calculated using probit analysis. For the PrestoBlue assay, MCF-7 cells were treated with extract concentrations ranging from 7.81 to 1000 µg/mL for 48 hours, followed by measurement of cell viability via absorbance at 570 nm. Results showed that the LC50 for the BSLT was 105.681 µg/mL, indicating low toxicity of the extract. In contrast, the extract did not demonstrate significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value exceeding 1000 µg/mL. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea L. exhibits low general toxicity but lacks significant cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells under the tested conditions. Further studies are warranted to isolate active compounds and explore their potential anticancer mechanisms.
Keywords: BSLT; Clitoria ternatea L.; MCF-7; Prestoblue Assay.
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